Bone Metabolism Discrepancy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With and Without Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

To explore the distribution of several bone metabolic indicators in type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to preliminarily evaluate the relationship of bone metabolism with NAFLD in patients with T2DM. The hospitalized patients with T2DM were divided into the group of T2DM complicated with NAFLD and the group of T2DM alone according to the results of ultrasonic diagnosis. The general information and laboratory test data such as bone metabolism indexes of these patients were collected and the differences of the indexes between the 2 groups were compared. Furthermore, the independent influencing factors of NAFLD in patients with T2DM were analyzed. A total of 186 patients were included in the study. Compared with patients with T2DM only, patients with T2DM combined with NAFLD were characterized with younger age (p < 0.001), higher BMI (p = 0.016), ALT (p = 0.001), TG (p = 0.005), HOMA-IR (p = 0.005), and lower HDL-C (p = 0.031). Significant discrepancy of age (OR 1.052, p = 0.001), ALT (OR 0.964, p = 0.047), HOMA-IR (OR 0.801, p = 0.005), and T-PINP (OR 1.022, p = 0.008) was found using multivariate logistic regression model. Significant discrepancy of T-PINP was found in T2DM patients with and without NAFLD. Further studies are needed to explore whether T-PINP could be used as a predictor of fatty liver disease, osteoporosis, and other related complications in patients with T2DM.     

Changes in Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Youth Undergoing Pubertal Suppression: A Pilot Study

Pubertal suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists in transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) youth may affect acquisition of peak bone mass. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has an inverse relationship with bone mineral density (BMD). To evaluate the effect of pubertal suppression on BMAT, in this pilot study we prospectively studied TGNC youth undergoing pubertal suppression and cisgender control participants with similar pubertal status over a 12-month period. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Magnetic Resonance T1 relaxometry (T1-R) and spectroscopy (MRS) were performed to quantify BMAT at the distal femur. We compared the change in BMD, T1-R values, and MRS lipid indices between the two groups. Six TGNC (two assigned female and four assigned male at birth) and three female control participants (mean age 10.9 and 11.7 years, respectively) were enrolled. The mean lumbar spine BMD Z-score declined by 0.29 in the TGNC group, but increased by 0.48 in controls (between-group difference 0.77, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.45). Similar findings were observed with the change in trabecular volumetric BMD at the 3% tibia site (-4.1% in TGNC, +3.2% in controls, between-group difference 7.3%, 95% CI: 0.5%-14%). Distal femur T1 values declined (indicative of increased BMAT) by 7.9% in the TGNC group, but increased by 2.1% in controls (between-group difference 10%, 95% CI: -12.7%, 32.6%). Marrow lipid fraction by MRS increased by 8.4% in the TGNC group, but declined by 0.1% in controls (between-group difference 8.5%, 95% CI: -50.2%, 33.0%). In conclusion, we observed lower bone mass acquisition and greater increases in BMAT indices by MRI and MRS in TGNC youth after 12 months of GnRH agonists compared with control participants. Early changes in BMAT may underlie an alteration in bone mass acquisition with pubertal suppression, including alterations in mesenchymal stem cells within marrow.     

经咽后入路手术治疗Hangman骨折

目的探讨Hangman骨折经咽后入路减压融合内固定的临床疗效。方法对7例Hangman骨折患者行颅骨牵引大致复位后择期手术。全麻下采用高位前方咽后入路显露C2-3椎体，切除C2-3椎间盘组织，充分减压，C2-3椎间植骨钢板内固定。术后颈围保护6～8周。结果7例均获随访，时间4—42个月。患者术后3个月内均获骨性愈合，无一例出现椎体再位移和成角畸形，无伤口感染及其他并发症发生，不全瘫患者均有不同程度恢复。结论C2-3前路减压融合内固定治疗Hangman骨折，内固定疗效确切，并能有效维持理想的复位。     

股骨逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁部C型骨折

目的探讨股骨逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁部C型骨折的方法和疗效。方法应用股骨逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁部C型骨折47例:C1型19例,C2型22例,C3型6例。结果47例随防6～48个月,平均20个月,骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间18周。根据Neer膝关节功能评分标准:优23例,良14例,可8例,差2例,优良率77.72%。结论股骨逆行交锁髓内钉是治疗股骨髁部C1、C2型骨折较理想手术方法,但对C3型骨折疗效欠满意。     

应用足底内侧皮瓣修复足跟部软组织缺损

目的探讨应用足底内侧皮瓣转移修复足跟部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法应用足底内侧皮瓣转移修复15例深达跟骨的足跟部软组织缺损。结果15例皮瓣移植后均成活,术后随访3~12个月,所有皮瓣外形和感觉均恢复良好。结论足底内侧皮瓣修复足跟部深度软组织缺损效果较好。     

尺骨鹰嘴骨折皮质骨加压螺钉固定的实验研究及临床应用

比较尺骨鹰嘴骨折加压螺钉与常用的4种内固定的强度,为临床选择内固定方法提供实验依据。用22具新鲜尸体肘关节做成横型、斜形和粉碎形鹰嘴骨折模型。用5种内固定后置于MD—10E万能电子力学试验机上,测定骨折处的位移与压力的关系;结果:钢丝内固定强度最小,钩钢板最大。髓内加压螺钉固定欠可靠。横形骨折皮质骨加压螺钉与张力带钢丝比较,统计学上无显著差异(P〉0.05),斜形骨折皮质骨加压螺丝钉强于张力带钢丝(P〈0.01)。粉碎形骨折使用钩钢板尤佳(P〈0.01)。临床应用24例中,22例平均随访14个月。骨折全部愈合,优良率达90.91％;认为皮质骨加压螺丝钉治疗横、斜形尺骨鹰嘴骨折,创伤小,操作简便,固定确切,是一种安全可靠的方法。     

学校人际关系与学生心理健康的相关研究

目的 调查学校人际关系与中小学生心理健康的相关状况，为改善学校人际关系提供依据。方法 采取问卷调查和心理测量相结合的方法，采取整群随机抽取大连地区城乡中小学生731人。结果 中小学生的师生关系困扰程度与学生心理健康水平存在显著的相关性（F=52．65P〈0．001），同学关系困扰程度与学生心理健康水平有非常显著的相关性（F=70．57 P〈0．001）。结论 现实中学校人际关系与中小学生心理健康之间有着显著相关。学校人际关系的困扰程度影响学生的心理健康，师生关系、同学关系的困扰程度随年级的增长而增强，学生心理问题的严重性也显示出随着年级的增长而增强的趋势。     

记忆合金网球与单纯减压植骨治疗股骨头坏死的对照研究

目的对比研究记忆合金网球植入与单纯减压植骨两种方法治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效.方法成人股骨头缺血性坏死(FicatⅡ～Ⅲ期)45例,分别采用记忆合金网球植入和单纯减压植骨+股方肌骨瓣移植治疗,网球组23例26髋,减压植骨组22例26髋,分别观察两组病例的手术时间,术中出血量,术后髋关节的功能评分.结果网球组和减压植骨组的手术时间和出血量,分别为62.4±20.5 min、50.8±16.6 min(P＜0.05)和180.6±38.5 ml、169.9±45.8 ml(P＞0.05),术后所有病例经平均32个月随访,采用百分评分法评价,网球组的优良率为88.4%,减压植骨组的优良率为53.8%(P＜0.05).结论记忆合金网球植入能增加股骨头的机械支撑力,重建股骨头血运,延长股骨头的使用年限.     

钢板结合异体骨板治疗股骨干内固定术后再骨折

目的：探讨钢板结合异体骨板治疗股骨干钢板内固定术后再骨折的疗效。方法：股骨干钢板内固定术后再骨折13例,其中男8例,女5例;年龄14～57岁,平均31.2岁。粉碎性骨折7例,斜形骨折4例,横形骨折2例。8孔股骨有限接触加压钢板5例,8孔上肢有限接触加压钢板2例,6孔股骨有限接触加压钢板2例,8孔兰氏钢板4例。钢板断裂均发生在骨折端邻近钉孔处。全部采用有限接触加压钢板（LC-DCP）加对侧异体脱蛋白骨板股骨双固定及自体髂骨移植术。结果：13例均获得随访,时间16～40个月,平均32个月,平均骨折愈合时间为9个月,均恢复下肢行走和负重的功能。术后1年膝关节功能按Merchan标准评定：优7例,良4例,可1例,差1例,优良率84.6%（11/13）。结论：自体髂骨植骨钢板结合骨板内固定治疗股骨干再骨折效果好,可以达到骨折牢固固定的目的。